The technology of detecting and interpreting patterns of reflected light has reached a remarkable degree of maturity that now permits high spatial and temporal resolution visualization at both the systems and cellular levels. There now exist several optical imaging methodologies, based on either hemodynamic changes in nervous tissue or neurally-induced light scattering changes, that can be used to measure ongoing activity in the brain. Imaging the Brain with Optical Methods presents the history of optical imaging and its use in the study of brain function, and the rapidly developing optical technologies and their applications that have recently developed. These include intrinsic signal optical imaging, near-infrared optical imaging, fast optical imaging based on scattered light, optical imaging with voltage sensitive dyes, and 2 photon imaging of hemodynamic signals. In total, this volume captures a profile of the current state of optical imaging methodologies and their contribution towards understanding the spatial and temporal organization of cerebral cortical function.