The biological sciences have become more quantitative and information-driven since emerging computational and mathematical tools facilitate collection and analysis of vast amounts of biological data.Complexity analysis of biological systems provides biological knowledge for the organization, management, and mining of biological data by using advanced computational tools. The biological data are inherently complex, nonuniform, and collected at multiple temporal and spatial scales. The investigations of complex biological systems and processes require an extensive collaboration among biologists, mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to improve our understanding of complex biological process from gene to system. Lectures in the summer school expose attendees to the latest developments in these emerging computational technologies and facilitate rapid diffusion of these mathematical and computational tools in the biological sciences. These computational tools have become powerful tools for the study of complex biological systems and signals and can be used for characterizing variability and uncertainty of biological signals across scales of space and time since the biological signals are direct indicators of the biological state of the corresponding cells or organs in the body.